موضوعات
آموزش و پرورش
ادبیات و زبان
پزشکی، دندانپزشکی و داروسازی
تاریخ و جغرافیا
داستان و رمان
دیگر
دین و فلسفه
روانشناسی
ریاضیات و آمار
سلامتی، تناسب اندام و رژیم غذایی
شیمی و پلیمر
علوم اجتماعی و حقوق
علوم زیستی و بیوتکنولوژی
فیزیک و نجوم
کامپیوتر و اینترنت
کتابهای کودکان و داستان
کسب و کار و اقتصاد
کشاورزی و دامپزشکی و غذا
معماری
مهندسی و فناوری
هنر و تئاتر
محصولات
Direct Microscopic Somatic Cell Count - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: The direct microscopic somatic cell count (DMSCC) is microscopic count of the actual number of somatic cells in milk. A somatic cell is any biological cell forming the body of an organism. In dairy industry, the somatic cell count (SCC) is an indicator of the safety and quality of milk. Mastitis is an inflammation of the udder typically associated with microbial infection. The number of somatic cells increases in response to presence of pathogenic bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus, a cause of mastitis. Somatic cells (SC) are cells from the cow (predominantly white blood cells, otherwise known as leukocytes) that are normally present in milk. During most mastitis infections, the number of leukocytes present in the udder increases to help the cow, goat, ewe, camel, buffalo etc. to fight the infection. The SCC is quantified as cells per milliliter. General agreement rests on a reference range of less than 100,000 SC in ml for uninfected cows and greater than 250,000 SC in ml for cows infected with significant pathogen levels. There are several indirect and direct laboratory methods used for determination of somatic cells count in milk. Routine instrumental laboratory methods like flow cytometry have to be regularly calibrated using reference materials with a known concentration of somatic cells. The concentration of somatic cell count can be determined by reference microscopic method. The first microscopic procedure for examination of milk films was described in 1910 by Prescott and Breed. Staining of somatic cells was later modified by Newman, Lampert, Levowitz, Weber and other researchers. This microscopic method was processed into a normative form by the International Dairy Federation and later by International Standard Organisation. There are several possibilities to stain somatic cells. Somatic cells can be stained by dipping the dried smear on the slide in the modified Newman-Lampert methylene blue stain solution (cow’s milk and ewe’s milk) or methyl green-pyronin Y stain solution (goat’s milk) or by mixing the milk in reagent tube with ethidium bromide stain solution (milk from all species). Subsequently, the microscopic slide with fixed smear and stained cells is examined using a microscope or epifluorescence microscope with immersion oil objective at magnification 500× to 1000×. Somatic cells are counted in several microscopic fields. Consequently, the somatic cells count is calculated using one of several mathematical formulas listed in international standard. The direct microscopic somatic cell count method is suitable for precise laboratory analysis of somatic cell in raw milk. However, this microscopic method has some limitations that may influence the results of analysis. This book contains the theoretical and practical information about this laboratory method.
Separation: Anxiety and Anger - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: Dr. Bowlby's second pioneering volume examines the effect of separation on the development of the child and the psychopathology that often follows separation. The experience of separation and the ensuing susceptibility to anxiety, anger, and fear constitute the flip side of the attachment phenomenon. In an authoritative new foreword to Bowlby's classic study, Stephen Mitchell (who gives resonant voice to the relational perspective in psychoanalysis) bridges the distance between attachment theory and the psychoanalytic tradition.
Loss: Sadness and Depression - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: In this third and final volume John Bowlby completes the trilogy Attachment anf Loss, his much acclaimed work on the importance of the parental relationship to mental health. Here he examines the ways in which young children respond to a temporary of permenant loss of a mother-figure and the expression of anxiety, grief and mourning which accompany such loss. The theories presented differ in many ways from those advanced by Freud and elaborated by his followers, so much so that the frame of reference now offered for understanding personality developement and psychopathology amounts to a new paradigm.
The Making and Breaking of Affectional Bonds - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: Helping both parents and psychologists to arrive at a better understanding of the inner emotional world of the infant, this selection of key lectures by Bowlby includes the seminal one that gives the volume its title. Informed by wide clinical experience, and written with the author's well-known humanity and lucidity, the lectures provide an invaluable introduction to John Bowlby’s thought and work, as well as much practical guidance of use both to parents and to members of the mental health professions.
A Secure Base - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: As Bowlby himself points out in his introduction to this seminal childcare book, to be a successful parent means a lot of very hard work. Giving time and attention to children means sacrificing other interests and activities, but for many people today these are unwelcome truths. Bowlby’s work showed that the early interactions between infant and caregiver have a profound impact on an infant's social, emotional, and intellectual growth. Controversial yet powerfully influential to this day, this classic collection of Bowlby’s lectures offers important guidelines for child rearing based on the crucial role of early relationships.
Attachment and Loss 1 - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: This first volume of John Bowlby's Attachment and Loss series examines the nature of the child's ties to the mother. Beginning with a discussion of instinctive behavior, its causation, functioning, and ontogeny, Bowlby proceeds to a theoretical formulation of attachment behavior how it develops, how it is maintained, what functions it fulfills. In the fifteen years since Attachment was first published, there have been major developments in both theoretical discussion and empirical research on attachment. The second edition, with two wholly new chapters and substantial revisions, incorporates these developments and assesses their importance to attachment theory.
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