موضوعات
آموزش و پرورش
ادبیات و زبان
پزشکی، دندانپزشکی و داروسازی
تاریخ و جغرافیا
داستان و رمان
دیگر
دین و فلسفه
روانشناسی
ریاضیات و آمار
سلامتی، تناسب اندام و رژیم غذایی
شیمی و پلیمر
علوم اجتماعی و حقوق
علوم زیستی و بیوتکنولوژی
فیزیک و نجوم
کامپیوتر و اینترنت
کتابهای کودکان و داستان
کسب و کار و اقتصاد
کشاورزی و دامپزشکی و غذا
معماری
مهندسی و فناوری
هنر و تئاتر
محصولات
Development Delusions and Contradictions An Anatomy of the Foreign Aid Industry - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: xix Around 1700 almost everyone on earth was poor or destitute, and Thomas Hobbes’ phrase about life as “poor, nasty, brutish and short” certainly hit the mark. Perhaps only one-tenth of the world’s population was living what could be considered anywhere near comfortable lives. At least, this is what most economic historians will tell you. Jumping ahead 250 years, one could definitely say two completely dif- ferent worlds had emerged—a prosperous West and a definitely lagging Rest. The reasons for this ascendency of the West were due to processes and factors that, even today, are not well understood, but this huge West– Rest economic divide led to the realization that this gap was one of the great issues of the times, one that needed to be addressed as part of any new world order. Thus, by 1950 it could be said that the Development Era began. Some 70 years later, after untold machinations and lots and lots of money, the West is still very much at it. Western nations and institutions constructed increasingly sophisticated systems to redress this divide, based originally on the idea that transposed expertise and capital was what was needed to help nations build modern economies, to prosper, and eventually to be self-sustaining. Not only would these ‘emerging’ nations become partners in global prosperity; they would become great consumers as well and, through the miracles of free trade, economies of scale and comparative advantage, the West as well as the Rest would benefit. Yet what sounded so clear and noble back at the start of the Development Era, and what has remained, at least ostensibly, the philosophical bedrock of helping poor nations, has had to face a very rocky road, to say the leas
Political Economy of Gender and Development in Africa Mapping Gaps, Conflicts and Representation - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: This volume on ‘Political Economy of Gender and Development in Africa; Mapping Gaps, Conflicts and Representation’ is driven by issues rather than abstract theories on gender and development. The book offers clear dis- cussions of central issues of conflict, representation, accessibility and avail- ability of resources to materialise gender justice and ensure rights of women in different spheres of private and public lives. The book helps us to think and understand different issues and challenges of gender and development in Africa. The aim of this book is to focus on threads con- necting with the present needs of women to a possible future emancipa- tion of women from the institutions, structures and processes that perpetuate poverty and accelerate different forms of uneven development. The ideals and practices of both gendered development and patriarchal policy processes as contested domains, where capitalism, patriarchy, class, race and other state power structures are undermining women’s empow- erment within existing political, economic, social, cultural and religious systems.
The Gas Industry in Latin Europe Economic Development During the 19th and 20th Centuries - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: ix Ana Cardoso de Matos is a professor in the Department of History at Évora University (Portugal), and a member of the Research Centre Interdisciplinary Center for History, Cultures and Societies (CIDEHUS/ UE). Her research interests are focused on urban history, history of tour- ism, history of technology, engineering and industry. She is a member of the board of the International Railways History Association (IRHA), Associação Portuguesa de História Económica e Social (APHES). She is also a member of editorial or scientific boards of several journals: HoST— Journal of History of Science and Technology, Patrimonio Industriale AIPAI (Italy), e-Phasistos. Revue d’histoire des techniques/Journal of History of Technology, Annales Historiques de l’Électricité, Transportes, Servicios y Telecomunicaciones, MIDAS-Museus and Estudos Interdisciplinares. She was a visiting professor at the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales—Centre Mauric Halbwachs EHESS-Paris (2010), and Centre Koryé EHESS-Paris (2012). Her articles have appeared regularly in both national and international journals, and she is the author or co-author of six books and participated in some collective books.
China, Latin America, and the Global Economy Economic, Historical, and National Issues - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: CHAPTER 1 Introduction Alessandro Golombiewski Teixeira and Aaron Schneider China has sought to occupy a more prominent global position without upsetting existing international relationships. This has been especially true in Latin America, where the US continues to dominate regional relations as a result of geographic proximity and historical engagement, among other reasons. Still, China is already the top trading partner or among the top trading partners for every country in the region, espe- cially as Chinese growth outpaced the West in the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis, and China has continued to act as the motor for the international economy after the onset of the 2019 pandemic. Increas- ingly, Chinese capital rivals Western-dominated multilateral, bilateral, and private lenders and investors in the region. To make sense of Chinese “going out” and the response from Latin America, the current projec
The Ethics of Bribery Theoretical and Empirical Studies - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: he present study is part of a much larger study that examines the ethics of bribery and tax evasion. The bribery studies consist (so far) of two books (McGee & Benk, 2023a; McGee & Benk, 2023y) and many articles and book chapters. Summaries of 28 studies (McGee, 2023a), 24 studies (McGee, 2023b), 44 studies (McGee, 2022a), and 80+ studies (McGee, 2022b) are also available. The tax evasion studies started in 1994 (McGee, 1994) and picked up speed in 1998 when the first book in the tax evasion series was published (McGee, 1998). The second book in the series was published in 2012 (McGee, 2012a). Two more books were recently added to the tax evasion collection (McGee & Shopovski, 2023a, b). Many articles and book chapters on the ethics of tax evasion have been published over the years. Summaries of many of them are available. There are sum- maries of 49 studies that used a survey template that usually consisted of 18 state- ments starting with the phrase, “Tax evasion is ethical if ...” (McGee, 2012b). Another study summarized 23 studies that used World Values Survey data (McGee, 2012c). Other studies summarize 3 studies (McGee, 2012d), 21 studies (McGee, 2022c), 35 studies (McGee, 2022d), 60+ surveys (McGee, 2022e), 70+ theoretical and empirical studies (McGee, 2022f), 100+ studies (McGee, 2022g), 80+ studies (McGee, 2022h), 34+ studies (McGee, 2022i), and 44+ studies (McGee, 2022j). Part II of the book addresses attitudes toward bribery from different religious perspectives. The first chapter in this section provides a comparative study of reli- gious attitudes toward bribery (McGee et al., 2023a). There are also chapters that report on attitudes of Christians (McGee et al., 2023b), Muslims (McGee et al.
Climate Change in Central Asia Decarbonization, Energy Transition and Climate Policy - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: This chapter provides a broad introduction to the impact of climate change in Central Asia, a region that has been experiencing a greater rise in temperatures than other parts of the world. The chapter shows how climate change represents a significant threat to Central Asia, exacerbating existing economic and environmental challenges and fueling regional tensions over resource management. Inefficient water resource management at the national level and limited regional collaboration on the management of water resources, coupled with state capacities that remain insuffi- cient to tackle climate change impacts, compound water-related tensions between the countries in the region. The chapter also shows how decarbonisation efforts in Central Asia are still in their early stages, with coal remaining a primary source of energy. Although the Central Asian countries have announced decarbonisation targets and adopted green economy strategies and programmes to reduce green- house gas emissions, a large-scale clean energy transition remains unlikely in the short term. The chapter concludes by identifying a lack of scholarship on climate change in Central Asia, which limits the development of a coherent approach to climate change mitigation and adaptation and evidence-based decision-making in the region. The chapter argues that a more coordinated approach to tackling climate change across the region is needed, requiring closer collaboration and more effective joint management of natural resources by the five Central Asian states. Finally, the chapter presents the chapters in the rest of the book
Delegate Apportionment in the US Presidential Primaries A Mathematical Analysis - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: The purpose of this book is to examine the mathematics of the delegate allocation process in the US presidential primaries. The US presidential primaries are a series of state elections held every four years that determine the Democratic and Republican Parties’ nominees for president in the general election. Presidential candidates in each party are awarded delegates based on their shares of the vote in each state contest. At the end of the primary season, each party holds a national convention. The candidate with a majority of state delegates, after one or more rounds of voting, is selected to be the party’s nominee for president. From a mathematical standpoint, the question of how to allocate delegates is largely a problem of apportionment. Apportionment problems arise when a fixed quantity (such as a number of delegates) must be divided among several constituents (such as candidates) in proportion to some attribute (such as vote share), so that each portion is a whole number. Since delegates are individuals and cannot be divided, their allocation is a matter of apportionment. Apportionment or similar allocation problems occur at multiple stages in the delegate selection process from determining how many delegates each state receives, and how they should be divided between statewide and district delegates, to determining what happens after each primary when the delegates must be awarded to the candidates based on how well they do in the election. Apportionment has been well-studied in the context of allocating state represen- tatives to the US House of Representatives in proportion to state populations. It has also been widely analyzed for its role in proportional representation systems where party seats are awarded to parties based on the vote distribution. It is less well-known in the case of apportioning delegates in the US primaries. Thus the examination of apportionment applied to delegate allocation involves both an identification and anal- ysis of new apportionment methods as well as an evaluation of old and new criteria by which to evaluate their properties. The goal of this book is to do both. We have spent several years researching delegate allocation in presidential primaries and were inspired to write this volume because of the interesting aspects of apportionment arising in this context. The book’s vii viii Preface origin can be traced to 2016, when we observed that the 2016 Georgia Repub- lican party adopted an apportionment method for its state primary that was unique and perhaps the most interesting method we had encountered. This motivated us to investigate the methods used by other state parties, many of which are new, and to consider how the allocation of delegates is affected by elimination thresholds—the minimum levels of support required to receive delegates—and the overall structure of the state delegates selection plans in which delegates are apportioned based on vote distributions in each district and statewide. This led us also to consider how the goals of delegate apportionment differ from that of house or party apportionment— most noticeably in that the state primaries occur over time, and that the end result is not political representation but the declaration of a winner. This means that the usual criteria for evaluating apportionment need to be rethought in an effort to deter- mine what features of traditional apportionment theory are most relevant to delegate apportionment and which features are not.
Living Better Together Social Relations and Economic Governance in the Work of Ostrom and Zelize - PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: olitical economy is a robust field of study that examines the economic and political institutions that shape our interactions with one another. Likewise, social economy focuses on the social interactions, networks, and communities that embody our daily lives. Together, these fields of study seek to understand the historical and contemporary world around us by examining market, political, and social institutions. Through these sectors of life, people come together to exchange goods and services, solve collective problems, and build communities to live better together. Scholarship in this tradition is alive and thriving today. By using the lens of political and social economy, books in this series will examine complex social problems, the institutions that attempt to solve these prob- lems, and the consequences of action within such institutions. Further, this approach lends itself to a variety of methods, including fieldwork, case studies, and experimental economics. Such analysis allows for deeper understanding of social phenomena, detailing the context, incentives, and interactions that shape our lives. This series provides a much-needed space for interdisciplinary research on contemporary topics on political and social economy. In much of academia today, scholars are encouraged to work independently and within the strict boundaries of their disciplines. However, the pursuit of understanding our society requires social scien- tists to collaborate across disciplines, using multiple methods. This series provides such an opportunity for scholars interested in breaking down the boundaries of disciplines in order to better understand the world around us
The Emergence of a Tradition: Essays in Honor of Jesús Huerta de Soto, Volume II Philosophy and Political Economy - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: Only a small minority of people, in our experience, know what Jesús’s full name is. Due to some idiosyncrasies of Spanish naming conventions, this group is dominated by Spaniards. To aid the non-Spanish speaker, a brief explanation of his name is necessary. All Spanish surnames are composed of two parts. The first part is the father’s first surname, and the sec- ond is the mother’s first surname. The general form for all Spanish names becomes [first name] [paternal first surname] [maternal first surname]. Thus, all children have a different surname than their mothers and fathers, though this surname will include elements of both through their respective paternal branches. The children of Juan Garcia Fernandez and Sofia Gonzalez Martin, for example, would all have the surname Garcia Gonzalez. Jesús Huerta de Soto Ballester was born to Jesús Huerta Ballester and Concepción de Soto Acuña. His birth name was Jesús Huerta de Soto, and (after marrying Sonsoles Huarte) his children would have the surname Huerta Huarte. With six children, this linguistically challenging surname would have not been an isolated difficulty. After marriage, Jesús made the decision to legally change the order of his surnames. (This bureaucratic process is not straightforward, nor is it common.) As a result of this change, his first surname, Huerta de Soto, now includes elements of both his father’s and his mother’s names. His second surname, Ballester, is from his father. While the name remains essentially the same (Jesús Huerta de Soto at birth versus Jesús Huerta de Soto Ballester today), the change in ordering meant that the family name passed down to his children would be “Huerta de Soto” instead of “Huerta.” This also applies to their descendants. In all but the most formal situations in Spain, use of only the first surname
Digital Transformation of the Financial Industry Approaches and Applications - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: Preface This book is aimed to be a collection of state-of-the-art research findings in digital transformations across the financial industry from the Central and East European markets. Digitalization is fundamentally changing financial services in the last few decades and tends to reshape the landscape of financial industry in an unprecedented manner. This book seeks to extend the concurrent body of knowledge on digital transformation in the financial industry by encompassing significant conceptual contributions, innovations in methods and techniques and by delineating the main applications of digital transformation in the CEE region. Although the books elaborating digital transformation in finance can be found in the market, these books dominantly focus on developed market. The aim of this book is to progress one-step forward—to focus on practice in developing and transitional/post- transitional countries. When any technology disrupts an industry, trailblazers are usually from the highly developed countries. Diffusion of tech-related disruption is, however, only rarely linear and uninterrupted. Thusly, we were highly motivated to collect the evidence on the development of fintech from the CEE countries. This book can serve to all important fintech stakeholders—students, academic community (with both technical and social science background), and practitioners (decision-makers and policy holders in various organizations of the financial sys- tems). As for the students, typical users are master or doctoral level of education with major subjects covering business, finance, accounting, economics, management science, and other fields in social science and/or engineering. As for the academic community, the book might be interesting for lecturers and scholars from CEE countries. Finally, the book is aimed at practitioners—economic analysts, informa- tion technology developers and information system experts, small investors, insti- tutional investors, as well as regulators of the financial system and national financeآیا کتاب مورد نظر هنوز بر روی سایت قرار نگرفته است؟ جای نگرانی نیست! کافی است بر روی گزینه سفارش کتاب کلیک کرده و درخواست خود را ثبت کنید. در کمتر از چند ساعت کتاب شما را آماده خواهیم کرد.