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Darwin: Portrait of a Genius by Paul Johnson - Epub + Converted PDF
Darwin: Portrait of a Genius by Paul Johnson - Epub + Converted PDF
نویسندگان: Paul Johnson خلاصه: All his life, Charles Darwin believed that inheritance was much more important in shaping a man or woman than education or environment. Nature rather than nurture was formative, in his view. Though he knew nothing of the science of genetics, and never used the word gene, which is first recorded in English in 1911, more than a quarter- century after his death, he is a classic case of genetic inheritance. Indeed, two of his grandparents and his father can reasonably be classified as geniuses. His paternal grandfather, Erasmus Darwin (1731–1802) came from an old family of modest landowners. After Cambridge, he trained as a doctor in Edinburgh, and then practiced in Litchfield, Dr. Johnson’s town (they did not get on). He was successful and had many patients, easily earning £1,000 a year, a handsome income then. News of his skill reached the ears of George III, who invited him to come to London as the royal doctor. But Dr. Darwin declined. The Hanoverian royals were slow at paying their doctors. In any case, Darwin was happy as he was, combining a busy provincial practice with poetry and science. The symbol of this dualism was his coach, which he designed himself. It was fitted up with a writing desk, a skylight, and a portion of his library, so that he could carry on his intellectual pursuits while going on his daily round of professional calls.
Discrete Element Modelling of Particulate Media by Chuan-Yu Wu - Original PDF
Discrete Element Modelling of Particulate Media by Chuan-Yu Wu - Original PDF
نویسندگان: Chuan-Yu Wu خلاصه: In numerical simulations of dense two-phase flow involving particulate materials the Discrete Element Method (DEM) has proved particularly effective in capturing the complex hydrodynamics of the solid phase. 1 DEM-based granular solid dynamics, including collisions and persistent contact with elaborate force-displacement laws, friction and cohesion have shown to be superior to traditional fluid-like, continuum approaches, which typically require coarse approximations and the introduction of artificial variables like solids pressure and viscosity. However, computational limitations of DEM models do not allow adding also the burden of flow simulations resolved at the level of particle-particle interstices, so that typically an averaged scale approach, with computational cell sizes of the order of a few particle diameters, is used. 2 .3 As a consequence, formulations of the drag force acting on individual particles are required to close the set of equations to solve for the solid and fluid phases. While many drag force models for monodisperse systems have been proposed in the literature, as discussed below, expressions for such force on a particle in a multi-particle system is currently the subject of extensive research work
Ecologies of Socialisms - Original PDF
Ecologies of Socialisms - Original PDF
نویسندگان: Germany, Nature, and the Left in History, Politics, and Culture خلاصه: Eli Rubin and Scott Moranda Introduction Is Germany the “Greenest nation” as Frank Uekötter has provocatively asked?1 Forget the Berlin Wall, forget the Cold War, World War II, the Nazis, the Holocaust, the Kaiserreich, and forget the storied history of the Social Democratic Party – the SPD. Germany is now the nation of separated trash, solar panels and wind power. The only Wende people talk about now, in relation to Germany, is the Energiewende. And perhaps, that is part of the point. The Energiewende provides for a national identity that generates warm, positive press and seemingly avoids the more divisive and troubling aspects of past markers of Germanness. Even if the reality of the “greenest nation” is more complicated, it is undeniable that Germany has been at the center of the global history of environmentalism. Scientific conservation had deep roots among the forest- ers, urban planners, and other technical experts of Wilhelmine Germany who had outsized influence on Progressive reformers in the United States and British civil servants across their Empire.2 German-speakers also shaped Romanticism, ecology, and notions of holistic interconnectedness, most importantly in the figure of Alexander von Humboldt, whose Kosmos had a global influence.
HISTORY by John Higham, Leonard Krieger and Felix Gilbert - Original PDF
HISTORY by John Higham, Leonard Krieger and Felix Gilbert - Original PDF
نویسندگان: John Higham, Leonard Krieger and Felix Gilbert خلاصه: From the time of the earliest English settlements in America, men and women of many sorts have been writing history. No one group has ever had a monopoly of the production of competent histories. Leadership in setting standards, however, has usually belonged to a particular class. Twice this leadership has changed hands. During the seventeenth century the best history was written by Puritan clergymen and by lay officials associated with them in creat- ing a new Zion in the wilderness. They wrote hastily, in whatever moments they could spare from active labors in behalf of the Puritan cause. Their history was a further extension of scripture: a chronicle of God's inscrutable will working within their own community. Clergymen long remained one of the most numerous species of his- torical writers, but their importance diminished as the church ceased to form the cultural center of American life. In the eighteenth century, patrician historians came to the fore. The growth of private wealth allowed a margin of leisure time for their studies. The weightiness of history appealed to the strong sense of social responsibility that characterized many American gentlemen; to them the historian was the ultimate human judge of men and events. They strove-without always succeeding, of course-to play a judicial role fairly and impartially, for the patrician, untrammeled by religious orthodoxy, prided himself on his independence of mind. He participated in a wide, transatlantic literary culture and wrote for an unspecialized, cultivated audience.1 During the greater part of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries the patrician historian held the center of the stage, and in the works of Thomas Hutchinson, Charles Gayarre, Francis Parkman, Henry C. Lea, and others, his history reached a high level of accuracy and distinction.
Iron Oxides by Damien Faivre - PDF
Iron Oxides by Damien Faivre - PDF
نویسندگان: Damien Faivre خلاصه: As the name of the book “Iron oxides: from nature to applications” suggests, iron oxides are not only widespread in the environment, but also widely used by mankind in a variety of applications (Figure 1.1). Both this ubiquitous presence in nature and the utilization as tools have been established for cen- turies and are still valid today. The first illustrative examples of iron oxides certainly are compass needle or rust (Figure 1.2). Iron oxides are present in solid, liquid, and gaseous environments, with respective examples such as rocks, as mineral inclusion in swimming bacteria or in aerosols. Depending on the type of use, several sources of iron oxides exist. Applications range from the heavy steel production to medicine and art. The different aspects of mineral formation and their use as well as modern characterization techniques are reviewed in this book
HANDBOOK OF COLLABORATIVE PUBLIC MANAGEMENT by Jack Wayne Meek - PDF
HANDBOOK OF COLLABORATIVE PUBLIC MANAGEMENT by Jack Wayne Meek - PDF
نویسندگان: Jack Wayne Meek خلاصه: 1 Introduction: collaborative public management as an emergent field Jack Wayne Meek Collaborative public management (CPM) is now a central area of study (O’Leary and Vij 2012) and practice (McKinney and Johnson 2009; Linden 2010; Agranoff 2012) in public administration. As a field of study, its origins can be traced to public management research in intergovernmental relations. Ground-breaking work in the field came from examining intergovernmental networks (Agranoff 1990; Rhodes 1997; Kickert, Klijn and Koppenjan 1997; Agranoff and McGuire 2003, among others). The study of collaborative public man- agement received focused attention examining various models and typologies in networks (Mandell 2001) and in a 2006 symposium edited by Rosemary O’Leary, Catherine Gerard and Lisa Blomgren Bingham (2006). In 2008, Lisa Blomgren Bingham and Rosemary O’Leary collected works from the third Minnowbrook Conference that emphasized Big Ideas in Collaborative Public Management (Bingham and O’Leary 2008). The status of the field and an assessment of where the field is headed was also provided by Rosemary O’Leary and Nidhi Vij (2012).
Wayne of Gotham: A Novel - Epub + Converted Pdf
Wayne of Gotham: A Novel - Epub + Converted Pdf
نویسندگان: Tracy Hickman خلاصه: Wayne of Gotham: A Novel by Tracy Hickman
Reading Thomas Hardy - Original PDF
Reading Thomas Hardy - Original PDF
نویسندگان: Charles P. C. Pettit خلاصه: The wide-ranging and lively essays in Reading Thomas Hardy will appeal to anyone interested in Hardy. Specialists and Hardy enthusiasts will find a showcase for the work of many of the world's leading Hardy scholars. Subjects covered include Hardy the writer and Hardy the man, individual texts and wider themes, and Hardy's relationships to other artists. Whether presenting new research, embodying the best of traditional approaches, or challenging the reader with new interpretations, all the papers are authoritative and accessible.
Structured Fluids: Polymers, Colloids, Surfactants - Original PDF
Structured Fluids: Polymers, Colloids, Surfactants - Original PDF
نویسندگان: Thomas A. Witten, Philip A. Pincus خلاصه: Over the last thirty years, the study of liquids containing polymers, surfactants, or colloidal particles has developed from a loose assembly of facts into a coherent discipline with substantial predictive power. These liquids expand our conception of what condensed matter can do. Such structured-fluid phenomena dominate the physical environment within living cells. This book teaches how to think of these fluids from a unified point of view showing the far-reaching effects of thermal fluctuations in producing forces and motions. Keeping mathematics to a minimum, the book seeks the simplest explanations that account for the distinctive scaling properties of these fluids. An example is the growth of viscosity of a polymer solution as the cube of the molecular weight of the constituent polymers. Another is the hydrodynamic radius of a colloidal aggregate, which remains comparable to its geometrical radius even though the density of particles in the aggregate becomes arbitrarily small. The book aims for a simplicity, unity and depth not found in previous treatments, and includes numerous figures, tables and problems. It will be an ideal textbook for teaching undergraduates in physical science how to understand soft matter, but will also be of interest to industrial scientists, who want to gain a broader understanding of soft matter systems
Laser Application of Polymers - Original PDF
Laser Application of Polymers - Original PDF
نویسندگان: Thomas Lippert خلاصه: Abstract Laser ablation of polymers has been studied with designed materials to evaluate the mechanism of ablation and the role of photochemically active groups on the ablation process, and to test possible applications of laser ablation and designed polymers. The incorporation of photochemically active groups lowers the threshold of ablation and allows high-quality structuring without contamination and modification of the remaining surface. The decomposition of the active chromophore takes place during the excitation pulse of the laser and gaseous products are ejected with supersonic velocity. Time-of-flight mass spectrometry reveals that a metastable species is among the products, suggesting that excited electronic states are involved in the ablation process. Experiments with a reference material, i.e., polyimide, for which a photothermal ablation mechanism has been suggested, exhibited pronounced differences. These results strongly suggest that, in case of designed polymers which contain photochemically active groups, a photochemical part in the ablation mechanism cannot be neglected. Various potential applications for laser ablation and the special photopolymers were evaluated and it became clear that the potential of laser ablation and specially designed material is in the field of microstructuring. Laser ablation can be used to fabricate three-dimensional elements, e.g., microoptical elements

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